Have you ever wondered how the first pizza would have tasted? Think about it, There are endless questions here. Where did pizza come from? Where would someone have gotten the wacky idea to take a flat disc of dough, slosh some sauce on it, top it off with cheese and then throw it in the oven? How many pizzas were burnt before the perfect pizza was made?
There are so many questions about the history of pizza as we know it. The history of this delicious dish is quite long but let’s take a look at the humble origins of pizza.
The origins of pizza in its earliest incarnation is dubious. What is certain, however, is that throughout the ages, people have added whatever flavorful things they can on top of bread to make it tasty, as you can see with these pizza history facts
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While the archives of history are dotted with passing mentions of what could be pizza, the general consensus is that the Italian town of Naples is the birthplace of pizza as we know it today. Naples, located in the Campagna region of Italy, was a densely populated waterfront town. This was a city full of people whose livelihood was the sea and the ships that sailed across them. They depended on the marine industry and lived in close quarters as close to the shore as they could get.
Because of the crowded conditions (many of these workers would opt to live outdoors if they could not find available housing) and low wages, there was a high demand for food that was cheap, quickly prepared, and easy to eat. As a result, street vendors started to sell a type of flatbread with various toppings of whatever they had on hand: cheese, garlic, or tomatoes, perhaps.
As the street vendors were selling their prototypes of flatbread with toppings, history was about to take its course. In 1889, King Umberto I and Queen Margherita reached Naples as part of their royal travels.
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The legend goes that the king and queen tired of their usual cuisine and sought out to try a dish they had heard the locals chattering about: something called ‘pizza’.
They found a small pizzeria and asked for several to try. As the couple sampled the unique gallette flat discs and the various toppings on each, the Queen found herself reaching for more of the pizza topped with a soft mozzarella cheese, basil and tomatoes. She was in love with the savory flatbread called pizza and loudly announced her delight.
While pizza earned a spot as a royal queen’s favorite dish, it would be years before pizza truly cemented its place as a cultural mainstay in American cuisine. The introduction of pizza in the United States and it’s sensational rise in popularity will be covered in the next blog article.
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Pizza has become ingrained in American culture just as much as apple pie, hot dogs, and hamburgers. When you want an easy party food that everyone will enjoy, you opt for pizza. When you need to feed a gaggle of kids, you go with pizza. When you want a late-night delivery of something to soak up the alcohol after a night out, you call for a pizza.
While pizza feels like an indelible part of American culture, it's really not. In fact, pizza is far older than America and didn't even really put down roots here until after World War II. So, before you grab that next slice, check out the real secret history of the first pizza and the long journey that brought it to American shores.
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Pizza goes way, way back. According to History, the OG pizza was more similar to a flatbread. Ancient Egyptians, Romans, and Greeks all ate some sort of version of bread covered in toppings, whatever best suited their region and culture. For example, the Greeks ate something that was essentially what we know today as focaccia, covered in herbs and oil.
What's Cooking America traces the history of pizza further, all the way back to the Stone Age, or about 2.6 million years ago when humans first started using stone tools before they switched over to bronze in 3, 300 B.C. (via History). During this time, members of ancient civilizations in what is now Italy would cook a crude bread made from a dough consisting of just water and flour on fire-heated stones (similar to the process of using a baking stone and/or pizza oven for pizza today) and then season the bread with a variety of toppings. The bread would be eaten by hand, just like pizza.
How do we know about this historic pizza? Turns out, pizza-like dishes are mentioned a lot throughout history. What's Cooking America gives several examples.
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In the third century B.C., Cato the Elder wrote a Roman history that included a description of a flat, round dough baked on stones and topped with olive oil, honey, and herbs. Virgil mentions similar Roman dough discs, thin and made from wheat, in The Aeneid; there, they're described as being eaten by hand and topped with forest fruits. There was even a cookbook uncovered from the ruins of Pompeii that included a recipe for a circular dough topped with chicken, pine kernels, cheese, garlic, mint, pepper, and oil. Additionally, excavations at Pompeii have shown evidence of flat-baked flour cakes similar to pizza dough. It's no surprise that the more familiar and modern version of pizza would get its start in nearby Naples, which is less than a half-hour drive from the Pompeii ruins.
What's one of the primary, requisite, must-have pizza toppings? As in, you cannot really have pizza unless you have this? You could say cheese, sure, but you also have to consider the sauce, and most pizzas include a tomato-based sauce. But tomatoes weren't always an approved food source, and they weren't even a thing in Europe until colonizers brought them back from the New World. In fact, as What's Cooking America notes, when tomatoes were first introduced to Europe, the general consensus was that the fruit was poisonous — and that's an interesting bit of food history in of itself.
Here's the deal: Wealthy Europeans used plates that contained lead, and the acidic tomatoes would draw the lead content out from the plates, resulting in lead poisoning for the unhappy diner (via Smithsonian Magazine). The impoverished populations of Europe did not have those fancy lead plates and so they discovered they could eat tomatoes without harm. Thus, the poorer citizens of Naples began adding tomatoes to their flatbreads, creating something that we would consider similar to today's pizza.
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Through the 1700s and 1800s, pizza became increasingly popular with Naples' working poor. At the time, Naples was one of the largest cities in Europe (via History Today). A trade city on the coast, its population was ever-growing, with more and more of the population falling into poverty. Impoverished individuals known as lazzaroni would rush around the city looking for odd jobs wherever they could get them, and they needed food they could take with them on the go. Pizza, already historically an easy, affordable dish, fit the bill.
By this time, pizza was made with yeasted dough, much like today, and usually was topped with cheese, herbs, and, of course, tomatoes (via What's Cooking America). It was sold via street vendors who would carry boxes of pizza and then cut out slices to size as ordered. As pizza's popularity grew, so did the number of pizza toppings and the number of vendors.
It was around this time in 1738 that the oldest pizzeria in the world, Antica Pizzeria Port'Alba, got its start in Naples. According to the restaurant, at first, the pizzeria didn't sell to the public. Instead, it sold its pizzas to those aforementioned peddlers who would then take them around in boxes, hawking their wares to the lazzaroni. The pizzeria sold pies topped with tomatoes, tomato sauce, mozzarella, anchovies, and other fish. The restaurant's location right next to the city gates made it convenient for the peddlers, but then Antica Pizzeria Port'Alba expanded in 1830, opening in more of a traditional restaurant-style, selling to the public and offering on-site dining with tables and chairs. It also expanded its menu to include pasta and seafood dishes.
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Today you can find many of those same items on the menu, including pizzas topped with anchovies, mozzarella,
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